
RESOURCES
Current Stats on Gender and Racial Make up of Article III Courts
The Infinity Project’s mission is to increase the gender diversity of the state and federal bench to ensure the quality of justice in the Eighth Circuit.

Join Us
Join the Infinity Project to receive personalized resources, coaching, and mentorship.
You can also join us to become a coach or mentor.

Nominate Her
Do you know a women in the 8th Circuit who would make a great judge? Nominate her to receive personalized resources, coaching, and mentorship.
The Collaborative Judicial Bootcamp consists of four hour programs developed alongside affinity bar organizations in Minnesota, Iowa and North Dakota. They include tracks for people at different stages of their legal career; recognize the important role of recruitment in changing the perceptions of who is qualified to sit on the bench; use personal outreach to potential participants and decision-makers; encourage individuals and organizations to think carefully and “outside the box” about future judicial talent; and involve judicial decision-makers as session leaders to give them direct experience with a deeper, more robust candidate pool.
Through the bootcamp format, under-represented individuals receive coaching and mentoring from individuals that influence selection processes directly or indirectly. After years of feeling left out of the process, a reality affirmed by many of the judges of color who served as facilitators, participants felt like they were finally getting the same kind of information that white men have always been privy to through association with the types of “power brokers” leading the workshops. One participant said “it is all so democratic!”
The Infinity Project Collaborative Bootcamp model covers a half day and includes three tracks:
(1) lawyers with less than ten years of experience that may serve on the bench sometime in the future;
(2) lawyers with more than 10 years of experience that may be interested in service on the state district court bench; and
(3) sitting judges and others with significant experience that may be considering state appellate or federal courts.
For sample agendas, please contact Julie Morrison.
Personal invitations to potential participants and decision-maker facilitators are a key part of the Collaborative Bootcamp model. Affinity bar partners can use this exercise to think deeply about the talent in their community and a personal invitation has the potential to change the perceptions of under-represented lawyers about their qualifications to serve. Involvement of key judicial decision-makers as session leaders gives them an opportunity to see first hand the talent pool from under-represented communities and question processes that do not include that talent. Example invitations are available upon request.
We have developed a My Journey to the Bench planning tool that potential applicants can use to plot short and long term strategies in a variety of categories, such as Information Gathering, Relationship Building, Building a Resume, Developing a Story/Brand, and Keeping Track of Information you will need to apply in the future. Request a copy of the plan from Julie Morrison.
“Judges”…Book by Oagile Bethuel Key Dingake (“This book discusses the work of judges”)
2020
Building a Diverse Bench: A Guide for Judicial Nominating Commissioners
2016
2016
The Path to the Federal Bench: A ‘How To’ Guide on Pursuing a Federal Judgeship
2011
Diversifying the Bench Guidebook: How to Become a Judicial Officer The Washington State Minority and Justice Commission
2011
Improving Judicial Diversity - Brennan Center for Justice, 2010
Building a Diverse Court: A Guide to Recruitment and Retention, 2010
Improving Diversity on State Courts: A Report from the Bench. George Mason University study conducted for the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights and Justice at Stake, 2009
Federal Judicial Center: Federal Judge Demographics – A visual representation: Gender
Federal Judicial Center: Federal Judge Demographics — A visual representation: Race
Diversity of the Federal Bench: Current statistics on the gender and racial diversity of Article III courts (2020).
State Supreme Court Diversity: Brennen Center for Justice (2019.)
State Court Diversity: NAWJ (2019).
National Center for State Courts: Diversity of the Bench
Alliance for Justice: Judicial Selection Dashboards
Path to the Eighth Circuit (2012 Table)
Backgrounds of Obama Appellate Appointees and District Court Appointees in the Eighth Circuit (2012 Tables)
This is the First Time Our Judicial Pool Has Been This Diverse. 2016
Professor Sherrilyn Ifill on Diversity’s Role in Judicial Decisionmaking (Video Podcast). 2010
Supreme Court: Does Diversity Matter? (NPR: Talk of the Nation). 2009
Sally Kenney: Why we have too few women judges (Tedex). 2013
Sally Kenney: Making the Case for Women Judges (YouTube: Powerpoint). 2012
Tipping the Scales: In the South Women have made Huge Strides in State Judiciaries. M Curriden, 2010
Hearing Her Story: Women Judges Share their Reflections from the Bench. 2011
More Women Judges Needed, Gertner and Lithwick Say. B McNeill. 2011
Review of Judicial Merit Selection: Institutional Design and Performance for State Courts. G Goelzhauser, 2019
Picking Judges: An Introduction: Lisa Montpetit Brabbit. April 2020
Trump’s Takeover of the Courts: Lena Zwarensteyn. April 2020
Pipeline to the Bench: Women’s Legal Career: Linda Greenhouse. April 2020
The Case for Districts: Descriptive Rural Representation on State Supreme Courts: Nathaniel M. Fouch. April 2020
Pernicious Bias and Judicial Illegitimacy: Do Americans Perceive Diverse Judges as Inherently Biased? April 2020
Ebook: Open Judicial Politics: Solberg, Diascro, Walternburg. 2020
EChapter: Open Judicial Politics: Public Attitudes Towards State Courts. 2020
Book: Judicial Selection in the States: Politics and the Struggle for Reform. HM Kritzer, 2020
Examining Gender and Race Intersectionality in Public Law School Admissions and Enrollment. A Multi-Institutional Analysis, April 2020
Women of SCOTUS: An Analysis of the Different Voice Debate: JE Kraybill, Open Judicial Politics, 2020
Hastings Business Law Journal: Women and (In) Justice: The Effects of Employer Implicit Bias and Judicial Discretion on Title VII Plaintiffs: KR Coletta, (Summer 2020)
Gender and Justice: Why Women in the Judiciary Really Matter: A book by Infinity Founder Sally Kenney, 2012
Minnesota State Law Library: Diversity Resources
Sherrilyn Ifill, “Judicial Diversity,” 13 Green Bag 2D 45, 2009
White Male Heterosexist Norms in the Confirmation Process. TM Beiner, 2011
Critical Perspectives on Gender and Judging. SJ Kenney, 2010
Gender Reveal -- Who is arguing before MN Supreme Court by Liz Kramer, Cicely Miltich, Hillary Taylor and Cat Rios-Keating - September 2020
Female Judges were a rarity when Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born. They still are. Washington Post by Atthar Mirza and Chiqui Esteban - September 2020
If you are interested in being a mentor to a woman seeking a judicial appointment or are a woman considering a judicial appointment that would like to be connected with a mentor, please contact Julie Morrison at 952-836-6183 or morr4871@stthomas.edu or the Honorable Mary Vasaly at mary.vasaly@courts.state.mn.us.
Members of the Commission on Judicial Selection / Office of the Governor
Staff working on Judicial Appointments (last updated March 2020) - Word document download
Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals Jennifer Puhl Questionnaire and Hearing Video
Northern District of Iowa Rebecca Goodgame Ebinger Questionnaire
Western District of Missouri Roseann Ketchmark Questionnaire and Questions for the Record
District of Minnesota Wilhelmina Wright Questionnaire and Hearing Video
Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals Jane Kelly Questionnaire and Hearing Video
Southern District of Iowa Stephanie Rose Questionnaire and Questions for the Record
Eastern District of Arkansas Kristine Baker Questionnaire and Questions for the Record
Western District of Missouri Mary Phillips Questionnaire and Questions for the Record
District of Minnesota Susan Richard Nelson Hearing Transpript
Eastern District of Missouri Audrey Fleissig Hearing Transcript
US Bankruptcy Court application (Word document download)